Lower Urinary Tract Disease in Felines: a Clinical and Laboratory Study

Resumo

A doença do trato urinário inferior dos felinos é uma das enfermidades mais comuns na medicina felina, abrangendo várias condições que afetam o trato urinário inferior do gato doméstico. Objetivou-se estudar a casuística da doença do trato urinário inferior dos felinos (DTUIF) em gatos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Piauí no período de julho de 2015 a outubro de 2018. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 303 prontuários. Observou-se que 92,4% dos animais eram machos (280/303), 69,6% de um a quatro anos de idade (211/303), 84,9% sem raça definida (257/303) e 36,3% (110/303) sem acesso à rua. A principal queixa foi obstrução urinária (68,6%; 208/303). Na ultrassonografia, destacou-se presença de sedimentos (58,2%; 137/235), cistite (34,8%; 82/235) e cristais (31%; 73/235). Na bioquímica, a média dos valores de ureia (179,39), creatinina (5,01) e fósforo (8,59) estavam elevados. Nos hemogramas havia neutrofilia. Na urinálise, 39% (62/159) apresentaram urina avermelhada, 59,1% (94/159) com aspecto turvo e 78,6% (125/159) com densidade superior a 1.060. Cerca de 80,5% (244/303) dos animais não foram submetidos a cirurgias, 13,2% (40/303) apresentaram recidiva e 13,5% (41/303) tiveram óbito. Concluiu-se que a DTUIF é mais comum nos machos, entre um e quatro anos, sem raça definida, castrados e domiciliados. A maioria dos gatos apresentaram azotemia. O índice de óbito foi elevado.  

Palavras-chave: Cistite. Gato. Sistema Urinário.

Abstract

Lower urinary tract disease is one of the most common disorders in feline medicine and encompasses several conditions with different etiologies that affect the lower urinary tract of domestic cats. This article presented a study on feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) in cats treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Piauí from July 2015 to October 2018. The study sample consisted of 303 medical records. It was observed that 92.4% of the animals were male (280/303), 69.6% were 1–4 years of age (211/303), 84.9% were mongrel cats (257/303), and 36.3% (110/303) did not have access to streets. Their main manifestation was urinary obstruction (68.6%, 208/303). Sediments (58,2%; 137/235), cystitis (34,8%; 82/235), and crystals (31%, 73/235) were observed on ultrasonography. In the biochemical examinations, the mean values of urea (179.39), creatinine (5.01), and phosphorus (8.59) were elevated. Neutrophilia was observed in hemograms. On urinalysis, 39% (62/159) had reddish urine, 59.1% (94/159) had urine with a cloudy appearance and 78.6% (125/159) had urine with density >1,060. Approximately 80.5% (244/303) of animals did not undergo surgical procedures, 13.2% (40/303) experienced recurrence, and 13.5% (41/303) died. It was concluded that FLUTD is more common in male, 1–4-year old, mongrel, castrated, and domiciled cats. Most of them had azotemia. The mortality rate was also high.      

Keywords: Cystitis. Cat. Urinary System.